Famous and great personalities of Uttarakhand
Chandra Singh Garhwali
23 April 1930 is a historic day in the era of India's freedom struggle. The rebellion of the country's Garhwal Regiment against British rule in Peshawar shook the foundation of British rule. His rebellion is a wonderful example of Hindu-Muslim unity. The British had stationed the Garhwal Regiment in Peshawar thinking that the Hindu soldiers would not hesitate to open fire on the Muslim agitators of Peshawar, but this did not happen.
On that day, a procession and meeting of Pathans against foreign clothes and goods was being held under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in Peshawar city of the country (now in Pakistan). The British government wanted to crush this movement. For this, he deployed battalions of the Garhwal Regiment, which was led by Chandra Singh Garhwali. Touched by the procession and enthusiasm of the agitating Pathans, Captain Ricket of the British Government ordered the Garhwal Regiment to crush their movement - Garhwali three rounds of fire.
But the soldiers of Garhwal Regiment had come thinking something else. The commander of the Garhwal Regiment, Veer Chandrasingh Garhwali, who was standing next to Captain Rickett, told his soldiers – Garhwali cease the struggle. He said that we do not fire on unarmed people. The brave soldiers of the Garhwal Regiment refused to fire and all the soldiers put down their guns. Other platoons posted on the spot did the same and did not fire.
To crush the movement, the white army was called on the spot by Captain Rickett in a hurry. They started firing on the Pathans. Rivers of blood were shed, in no time the streets of Peshawar were colored with the blood of the brave Pathans. Martial law and curfew were imposed.
Rebellion meant the death penalty. Despite this, the brave soldiers of the Garhwal Regiment accepted the oppression of the British rule rather than firing at their Pathan brothers. The weapons of the soldiers who rebelled were deposited in the barracks.
67 soldiers were court martialed, they were tried for treason. Mukandi Lal and an Englishman pleaded his case. Seven soldiers were released after turning approver. 60 soldiers including 17 officers were given long sentences. Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Chandra Singh was put in the dungeon of Dera Ismail Khan Jail by putting shackles in his hands and feet. Chandra Singh continued his struggle even in jail. From July 1, 1930, he along with his colleagues went on hunger strike in the jail and demanded to give the status of political prisoner to the rebel soldiers and to provide B category jail, but their demands were not accepted. On the appeal of Congress leaders, he ended the fast on 1 August 1930.
After the agreement between Gandhi-Irwin in 1931, the jailed Congress leaders were released. Due to mutiny in the army, Chandra Singh and his companions were not released. The English government told Chandra Singh that if you apologise, you will also be released. Chandra Singh replied that if you consider me innocent then leave me. I am not born in this world to apologize. Congress leaders never made any serious effort for his release.
Chandra Singh was kept in many jails including Bareilly, Allahabad, Lucknow, Almora. In 1936, he met communist revolutionaries Yashpal and Shiv Verma etc. in Naini Jail. In his presence, Chandra Singh accepted the ideals of communism. Chandra Singh was released from prison in 1941, but the fearful British government banned him from going to Garhwal and giving speeches.
For some time Chandra Singh stayed with Gandhiji in Wardha along with his wife Bhagirathi and daughter Madhavi. In 1942, he participated in the British Quit India Movement, due to which he was arrested again in Banaras. During this his wife and daughter lived a difficult life in a cell in the Haldwani Orphanage.
In 1945, Chandra Singh was released from jail. After being released, he participated in the work of organizing workers and peasants together with the Communist Party and accepted the membership of the Communist Party.
In 1946, the ban on Chandra Singh's entry into Garhwal was lifted. He fought for food grains, water etc. for the victims of starvation in Kumaon and Garhwal. After the British left the country in 1947, he led the movement for the merger of the princely state of Tehri with India. In this, two of his companions Nagendra Saklani and Mool Singh were martyred.
In 1948, Chandra Singh decided to contest the District Board elections from Pauri Garhwal. As soon as the Congress government came to know about this, they arrested Chandra Singh and sent him to Bareilly Jail. Because of this, he could not even attend the last rites of his 90-year-old father.
He warned the government from jail that if within 10 days he was not told the reason for the criminal, he would go on a hunger strike inside the jail.
On April 8, 1948, the government's answer came that you are a worker of the Communist Party, you incited the newly elected soldiers of the Kumaon Division against the government in 2/18 Garhwal Rifles Peshawar, where there was a mutiny. Aman Vasatta, a supporter of your party. are against.
Chandra Singh was released after a few days. On June 10, 1948, Chandra Singh, who was appointed as joint secretary by the government, got Tilak printed under the name 'Chandra Singh Garhwali Ka Naam Nivedeen'.
In which he said that the attribution label of Peshawar to Real Volwar rifles gives him the reason of criminals, this is the point that the place where the scam of Peshawar took place is still present in Lucknow.
His Democrat News became the Democrat and was also published in the Daily Carreke, a London newspaper. Prime Minister Nehru's private secretary Chandra Singh presented an apology in a letter on the embarrassment of the government.
The Peshawar Kand and his rebel soldiers were not prepared for the approval of the government of free India. The government's alleged ideal of pension to juvenile soldiers who have served in the army for at least 10 years.
In this way only 3 soldiers including Chandra Singh were eligible. Chandra Singh sought permission from Prime Minister Nehru to explain the Peshawar incident as a national festival and to give pension to the soldiers who died, help to their families.
The government did not accept their partnership. Nehru called him a rebel. In the end, the government gave pension to 36 soldiers, gratuity to 21 and nothing to two. The rulers of independent India put their lives on the line for Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali to fight for their lives.
Historian Rajni Palm Dutt in his book 'Today's India' has mentioned the answer of French journalist Charles Petrash Gandhi on Valerie Locke's question on January 20, 1932-
“A soldier who refuses to fire breaks his vow and thus commits the offense of Hukum Uduli. I can't ask student and girlfriend to hukum uduli. When there is power in hand, then maybe I will also have to work with friendship and friend. If I teach Hukm Uduli, then I will also be afraid that they will not do the same with me.
The agency of India is saving forever from advice to the public about mutiny. On one hand, there were people like Atal Bihari made in the country, who was the Prime Minister of the country even after opposing the British, and on the other hand, there were brave soldiers like Chandra Singh, about whom people are still scared and tolerated.
The Government of India wants to keep the country's security forces as a weapon of oppression of the people like the British rule. The way politics is being done in the name of security forces in the country today, Chandra Singh Garhwali and the rebellion of 1930 have come to the fore on a bigger scale today.
His sacrifice in India's freedom movement, his sense of love for the motherland and patriotism is amazing. Today it is necessary to remember this real hero of the people of the country and take inspiration from him.
Famous and great personalities of Uttarakhand
उत्तराखण्ड की प्रसिद्ध और महान विभूतियां
चंद्र सिंह गढ़वाली को भावी पीढ़ियों के लिए एक बहादुर सैनिक और क्रांतिकारी के रूप में याद किया जाएगा, जिन्होंने एक सैनिक के रूप में सेवा करते हुए स्वतंत्रता सेनानी के रूप में महान साहस और देशभक्ति का परिचय दिया था। उनका जन्म 1891 में जिला गढ़वाल (अब जिला चमोली) के रौणी सेरा गांव में हुआ था। 1930 में पेशावर शहर में उस समय भयंकर दंगे भड़क उठे थे जब 'नमक सत्याग्रह' के समर्थन में पठानों द्वारा जुलूस निकाला जा रहा था। चंद्र सिंह गढ़वाली के नेतृत्व में कुछ सैनिकों ने प्रदर्शनकारियों पर गोलियां चलाने से इनकार कर दिया और उन्होंने संघर्ष विराम का आदेश दिया। परिणामस्वरूप बड़ी संख्या में सैनिकों ने उसकी कार्रवाई का अनुसरण किया। इस घटना के पीछे चन्द्र सिंह गढ़वाली का हाथ था। चंद्र सिंह गढ़वाली को यातनाएं दी गईं और उन्हें 59 अन्य सेवारत सैनिकों के साथ अंग्रेजों द्वारा कठोर कारावास की सजा सुनाई गई। इस महान सैनिक और स्वतंत्रता सेनानी का 1 अक्टूबर 1979 को 88 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हो गया।
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